Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare scapular kinematics during elevation phase of abduction, flexion, and scapular plane elevation phase between fifteen persons with shoulder impingement syndrome (SIS) and thirteen persons without it.Methods: Values of scapular kinematics include scapular superior and lateral translations, upward rotation, external rotation, and posterior tipping were statistically tested with mixed model analysis of variance.Results: Scapular upward rotation during 30o, 60o, and 90o of abduction, and initial angle of scapular plane elevation were significantly different between groups (P<0.05). Posterior tipping was significantly decreased in patients with SIS at the initial angle of flexion (P=0.015). Lateral translation at 90o, and 110o of abduction (P=0.015, and P=0.012, respectively) were lesser in patients.Discussion: It seems that scapular kinematics during arm elevation in different MOVEMENT PLANES is different, especially upward rotation between persons with and without SIS.

The Lasswellian aspect of public policy which concentrates on the importance of global trends and-processes in policy-makers concerns and views, construct the sore of this article. In this regard, a new framework for policy cycle with a vast "Inside-outside" view is what the article talks for.

Background: Stress is a migraine trigger. Anxiety sensitivity as a mediator between stress and disease is one of the factors affecting the symptoms of migraine. Purpose of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of Eye MOVEMENT Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) on anxiety sensitivity in patients with migraine.Methods: In this semi experimental study, 36 patients with migraine were randomly divided into two groups: experimental and control. Patients of experimental group received EMDR therapy, 3 sessions of 90 minutes within three weeks. Control group did not receive any medical or psychological intervention. Participants in both groups were evaluated with Anxiety Sensitivity Inventory- Revised (ASI-R) during pre-test, post-test and one-month follow-up.Findings: The analysis of variance with repeated measures showed that eye MOVEMENT desensitization and reprocessing reduces anxiety sensitivity (P<0.05) in patients.Conclusion: The results suggest that EMDR can be considered as one of the therapies for migraine headaches.

Oscillatory behavior of transition temperature in supper lattice, Ni/Au/Ni, has been observed as a function of spacer layer, Au. The observed oscillation period is almost the half period of interlayer exchange coupling. The high temperature susceptibility of a two -dimensional lattice is evaluated within the Bethe-Peierls-Wiess approximation in the presence of a random field with square distribution. This susceptibility is used to evaluate the transition temperature of coupled PLANES as a function of spacer thickness. The calculated transition temperature of coupled PLANES oscillates as half period of interlayer exchange coupling and falls below the results of the uncoupled films at some values of the average spacer thickness that were experimentally observed. Additionally, the transition temperature depends on the distribution function of random field at the small thickness of spacer.

Background and Aim: As central incisors have a prominent role in esthetics, appropriate preparation, considering natural tooth anatomy and proper PLANES have always been considered. The aim of this study was to determine the number of PLANES in labial surface of maxillary central incisors using image processing and mathematical analysis.Materials and Methods: This pilot study was performed on 32 intact maxillary central incisors in dental students of Tehran University of medical sciences. Photographs were taken from profile view of each tooth by a digital camera. Images were processed and number of PLANES was obtained using Sigma Scan Pro. Version 5.00 software and a customized program. Data were analyzed by t-test and regression tests with p<0.05 as the level of significance.Results: 96.9% of central incisors had three PLANES and 3.1% had two PLANES in labial surface. The angle between middle-cervical and middle-incisal PLANES showed statistically significant difference (p< 0.01).Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, a few percentages of maxillary central incisors had two PLANES and most of them had three PLANES in their labial surfaces. Thus, considering three PLANES for restoring maxillary central teeth is closer to principles of tooth preparation and esthetics.

About 1% of the people in the world suffer from epilepsy. The first stage of the treatment of epilepsy is the accurate diagnosis. One way to diagnose epilepsy is the precise analysis of EEG signals. Therefore various techniques have been proposed in the literature for the detection of epileptic seizures in EEG signals. In this article, we have distinguished and separated the epileptic EEG signals from the normal EEGs, by using a new intelligent and heuristic algorithm, called Inclined PLANES system Optimization. We used wavelet transform for extracting features, because of nonlinear and non-stationary properties of the EEG signals. Then we diagnosed epilepsy, by using extracted features from wavelet transform and implement them on IPO algorithm. According to this study, we found out the IPO has got a high ability to diagnosis epilepsy in complicated and non-stationary EEG signals.

Reflective practice (RP) has become popular in many professions as a mark of professional competence. With this increase in popularity, many different definitions have developed alongside the many different approaches that have been advanced with many different theoretical underpinnings attached to these approaches. This is also the case within the field of education where although most educators agree some form of reflection is desirable, there is still no agreement on what RP is or how it should be implemented. RP has also been fully embraced within the teaching English to speakers of other languages (TESOL) and unfortunately with the same lack of clarity as to what it is or how it can be implemented. One reason for this lack of clarity it that we seem to have forgotten where it originated and why it made a resurgence much later. In this paper I look back at two of the giants of the RP MOVEMENT and then outline how I have interpreted their work and my own work in the implementation of RP for TESOL teachers. I also look to the future (reflect-for-action) of RP for TESOL teachers.